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Pneumocystis jirovecii
''Pneumocystis jirovecii'' is a yeast-like fungus of the genus ''Pneumocystis''. The causative organism of ''Pneumocystis'' pneumonia, it is an important human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised hosts. Prior to its discovery as a human-specific pathogen, ''P. jiroveci'' was known as ''P. carinii''.
==Lifecycle==
The complete lifecycles of any of the species of ''Pneumocystis'' are not known, but presumably all resemble the others in the genus. The terminology follows zoological terms, rather than mycological terms, reflecting the initial misdetermination as a protozoan parasite. It is an extracellular parasite. All stages are found in lungs and because they cannot be cultured ''ex vivo'', direct observation of living ''Pneumocystis'' is difficult. The trophozoite stage is thought to be equivalent to the so-called vegetative state of other species (such as ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'') which, like ''Pneumocystis'' belong to the Taphrinomycotina branch of the fungal kingdom. The trophozoite stage is single-celled and appears amoeboid (multilobed) and closely associated with host cells. Globular cysts eventually form that have a thicker wall. Within these ascus-like cysts, eight spores form which are released through rupture of the cyst wall. The cysts often collapse forming crescent-shaped bodies visible in stained tissue. It is not known for certain if meiosis takes place within the cysts, or what the genetic status is of the various cell types.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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